Consensus of potential modifiable prognostic factors for persistent pain after a first episode of nonspecific idiopathic, non-traumatic neck pain: results of nominal group and Delphi technique approach

Table 4 Consensus agreement of prognostic factors and modifiability Delphi survey

Potential prognostic factors	Modifiable
Work related factors
Happiness in work	X
Potential to self-modify posture during work	X*
Symptoms
Pain intensity at baseline	–
High severity of experienced disability	X**
Duration of the neck pain	–
Reported pain in different body regions	–
Prior conditions
Neck pain before	–
History of musculoskeletal pain	–
General factors
Physical inactivity	X**
Unhealthy lifestyle	X*
Sleep quality	X*
Cognition
Somatization	X**
Catastrophizing	X**
Illness beliefs about recovery	X**
Treatment beliefs	X**
Emotions
Depression	X
Kinesiophobia	X**
Distress	X**
Behavior
Coping	X**
Perceptions
Illness beliefs about pain identity	X**
Hypervigilance	X**
Motivation
Purposeful behavior	X*
Vulnerability
Limited health literacy	X*
Limited self-efficacy	X**
Remaining factors
Health care provider attitude	X**
Therapeutic relations	X**

X Factors with an agreement score on modifiability > 70%, X* > 80% agreement, X** > 90% agreement. – Not relevant to ask for modifiability or < 70% agreement. Only the participants who considered these factors of prognostic value had to vote for modifiability

ISSN: 1471-2474