Shoulder range of movement in the general population: age and gender stratified normative data using a community-based cohort

Table 5 Overall mean range of shoulder movement in degrees for those with and without diabetes adjusted for age and sex

	No diabetes (n = 2229)	Diabetes (n = 150)
	Mean (SD)
Left shoulder flexion	158.9 (16.3)*	154.2 (16.7)*
Right shoulder flexion	160.3 (17.2)*	156.0 (17.7)*
Left shoulder abduction	149.1 (18.2)*	143.3 (18.7)*
Right shoulder abduction	151.0 (18.5)*	144.2 (19.1)*
Left shoulder external rotation	56.9 (17.0)*	52.5 (17.6)*
Right shoulder external rotation	59.0 (17.0)*	55.0 (17.5)*

*Statistically significantly different active range between those with and without diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, MANOVA p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2474