Table 3 Mean (SD), median (IQR) and range of active shoulder external rotation in degrees for males and females by five-year age groups

All participants

Male (n = 1237)

55.0 (17.9)

50.0 (45–70)

0–90

56.8 (17.6)

55.0 (45–70)

0–90

Female (n = 1167)

58.5 (17.7)

60.0 (45–75)

0–90

60.9 (17.9)

60.0 (45–75)

0–90

20–24 years

Male (n = 97)

58.9 (18.4)

60.0 (45–75)

25–85

62.3 (15.9)

65.0 (47–75)

30–85

Female (n = 99)

72.9 (13.2)

75.0 (65–80)

40–90

73.8 (14.7)

80.0 (70–85)

40–90

25–29 years

Male (n = 170)

62.4 (18.8)

60.0 (50–80)

25–90

64.5 (17.7)

65.0 (50–80)

30–90

Female (n = 119)

67.3 (15.0)

70.0 (55–80)

35–90

72.5 (12.5)

75.0 (65–80)

40–90

30–34 years

Male (n = 146)

57.9 (16.6)

55.0 (45–75)

20–90

59.1 (16.5)

60.0 (45–75)

15–90

Female (n = 145)

61.9 (14.3)

60.0 (50–75)

30–90

65.1 (13.8)

70.0 (55–75)

30–90

35–39 years

Male (n = 131)

56.2 (17.0)

55.0 (45–70)

20–90

56.3 (17.1)

55.0 (45–70)

10–90

Female (n = 122)

60.5 (15.8)

60.0 (45–72)

30–90

62.5 (16.5)

65.0 (45–75)

30–90

40–44 years

Male (n = 140)

53.7 (15.8)

50.0 (45–65)

20–90

54.9 (15.7)

50.0 (45–67)

10–90

Female (n = 125)

56.8 (16.5)

55.0 (45–70)

0–85

58.5 (17.7)

55.0 (45–75)

0–90

45–49 years

Male (n = 113)

53.0 (18.0)

50.0 (44–65)

10–90

53.8 (17.3)

50.0 (45–70)

20–85

Female (n = 105)

54.5 (16.5)

50.0 (45–70)

20–90

56.1 (17.4)

50.0 (45–70)

15–90

50–54 years

Male (n = 94)

54.7 (17.2)

55.0 (40–70)

5–90

56.5 (17.8)

56.3 (45–73)

10–90

Female (n = 89)

55.4 (16.4)

55.0 (45–70)

20–90

58.1 (16.0)

60.0 (45–70)

10–90

55–59 years

Male (n = 86)

52.0 (18.1)

45.0 (40–70)

10–90

53.5 (18.1)

50.0 (40–70)

0–90

Female (n = 86)

54.6 (17.6)

50.0 (40–70)

10–90

56.5 (16.9)

51.2 (45–70)

10–90

60–64 years

Male (n = 58)

49.7 (18.6)

50.0 (40–65)

10–90

52.0 (18.1)

50.0 (40–65)

10–90

Female (n = 55)

53.2 (19.2)

55.0 (40–70)

10–90

54.6 (20.2)

55.0 (40–73)

10–90

65–69 years

Male (n = 62)

49.9 (16.0)

45.0 (40–60)

10–90

51.9 (18.1)

50.0 (40–65)

10–90

Female (n = 61)

54.8 (18.1)

56.6 (45–70)

10–90

56.9 (18.0)

55.0 (45–72)

20–90

70–74 years

Male (n = 49)

49.5 (19.3)

50.0 (40–65)

0–85

50.4 (14.9)

50.0 (40–70)

20–85

Female (n = 54)

51.1 (18.2)

50.0 (40–65)

5–90

51.0 (18.7)

53.5 (40–70)

10–90

75–79 years

Male (n = 52)

47.6 (15.4)

45.0 (37–60)

15–90

50.4 (14.9)

45.0 (40–60)

20–85

Female (n = 46)

45.9 (18.2)

45.0 (32–56)

5–90

51.0 (18.7)

50.0 (40–65)

10–90

80–84 years

Male (n = 31)

50.3 (19.4)

50.0 (34–60)

10–90

53.0 (18.8)

50.0 (42–70)

5–90

Female (n = 51)

50.9 (19.1)

45.0 (40–65)

5–90

53.8 (18.0)

50.0 (40–65)

10–90

85 years and over

Male (n = 10)

46.9 (17.7)

45.0 (30–64)

25–75

51.5 (19.5)

50.0 (46–66)

20–80

Female (n = 10)

47.8 (26.6)

65.0 (20–68)

15–80

48.6 (26.8)

65.0 (20–75)

10–80