Table 1 Outcome measures in the WORKWELL trial
Data collection | Measurement Method | Details | 0-Months | 6-Months | 12-Months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contextual factors: personal (demographic; disease status) | |||||
Age | Date of birth | ✓ | |||
Gender | ✓ | ||||
Ethnic group | ✓ | ||||
Marital status | ✓ | ||||
Living status | Alone; or with family/ significant others | ✓ | |||
Educational status | Highest qualification | ✓ | |||
Time since RA/ IA/ PsA symptom onset | ✓ | ||||
Time since RA/ IA/ PsA diagnosis | ✓ | ||||
Comorbidities | Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index [39] | Presence/absence of 11 comorbidities | ✓ | ||
Job Descriptors | a) number of hours worked/week; b) contract type/ self-employment; c) length of time in current main job (0 m only). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Income status | Sole income earner in household | ✓ | |||
Primary Outcome measure: | |||||
Presenteeism | The Work Limitations Questionnairea (WLQ-25) [27] | 25 items: percentage time (in last 2/52) limited in: physical work demands, time demands, mental-interpersonal demands and output demands (0–4 scale of 0 to 100%). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Secondary outcome measures | |||||
Presenteeism | Work Activities Limitations Scalea (WALS) [40] | 12 items: degree of difficulty in work activities (0 = no difficulty; 3 = unable to do) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Combined WLQ-25 WALSa [41] | Combination of above two measures | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
WLQ-25 [27] | 4 subscales calculated from relevant items in the WLQ-25 questionnaire | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Absenteeism and Presenteeism | Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire General Health V2.0 (WPAI-GH) [42] | Last 7 days: time off on sick leave/any other reason; hours worked; health problems effect on work productivity and ability to do other daily activities. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Work status | Work Transitions Index [43] | Whether employed; in full- or part-time work | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Work instability | Work instability scale (RA-WIS) [30] | 23 true/false items: degree mismatch between functional abilities and workplace demands | ✓ | ✓ | |
Work self-efficacy | 0–10-point numeric rating scales (NRS) 0 = not at all to 10 = very. 3 work self-efficacy items (confidence in working, managing health condition at work and work not making condition worse (0–10 NRS) | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Health Outcome measures | |||||
Health status | SF-12v2 Health Survey [44] | 12 items, assessed over the last four weeks, scored as physical and mental health sub-scales | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Disease impact | Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) [45] | Composite score from: 7domains of impact of RA: coping, emotional wellbeing, fatigue, physical function, sleep, global assessment and pain | ✓ | ✓ | |
Disease activity | RA Disease Activity Index-5 (RADAI-5) [46] | Self- reported disease severity in last 6 months; current joint tenderness and swelling; pain, general health; hand joint stiffness duration | ✓ | ✓ | |
Hand/ wrist pain | In the last week during moderate activity (e.g. cooking, housework): 0–10 NRS | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Exploratory outcome measures | |||||
Number of hours worked | On average, number of hours contracted to work and number of hours usually work | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Change in occupation or hours | Any change in occupation or number of hours worked with reason for change | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Work self-efficacy | Confidence, motivation and importance of continuing to work over next year, scored 0–10 | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Work advice received | Satisfaction with work advice received (0–10 NRS) and what other work advice they received from where | ✓ | |||
Economic Evaluation: Use of Resources | |||||
Health related Quality of Life | EuroQol Five Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) [47] | 5-items Scale (Mobility; Self-care; Usual activities; Pain/Discomfort; Anxiety/Depression; plus 0–100 scale | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Use of NHS and Social Care, Local Authority and Private Health Services | Your use of hospital in-patient services | a) Any planned hospital overnight stays in the last 6 months b) If yes, department, and number nights | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Your use of hospital out-patient appointments | a) Any planned hospital outpatient appointments lasting 4 h or less in the last 6 months b) If yes, department and number of appointments | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Your use of day hospital appointments | a) Any day or hospital outpatient lasting more than 4 h but not overnight during the last 6 months b) If yes, department, and number of appointments | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Your use of accident and emergency services | a) Any A&E attendance in the last 6 months b) If yes, number of visits not leading to hospital admission c) number of visits admitted into a hospital as an in-patient from A&E d) reason for admission | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Your use of primary and community-based health services; Local Authority Social Services; private health services | a) Use of primary care services / Local Authority Social Services (e.g. GP, Practice Nurse, District Nurse, Counsellor, social worker, occupational therapist) in the last 6 months b) If yes, number of visits to each | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Medication | Current medication for RA/IA/PsA; date medication started | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Workplace changes | Changes to workplace environment | Changes made by employer (e.g. specialised equipment). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Contextual factors: environmental factors | |||||
Nature of work | Job skill level 1–4 (UK Standard Occupational Classification (SOC2010)) [48]. | Main job title and industry working in | ✓ | ||
Job responsibilities | e.g. overtime, variable hours; and need to travel for business | ✓ | |||
Work demands | Two items: physical and mental work demands | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Control over work and flexibility [49] | Four items: control over work schedule, job flexibility, ability to postpone work tasks and help from colleagues with work | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Work productivity | One item: self-reported work productivity in the last 6 months | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Work Transitions | The Work Transitions Index (WTI)a [43]. | Includes a) employment status; b) 14 items assessing: job disruptions due to arthritis c) sickness absence due to arthritis or other conditions in the last 6 months; d) change in occupation or working hours in the last 6 months. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Workplace Support | The Perceived Workplace Support Scale (PWSS) [50] | a 19-item questionnaire, of perceived managerial, co-worker and organisational support (REF) | ✓ | ✓ | |
Work support services | Access to occupation health and work support services | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Work Policies and Accommodations | The Workplace Accommodations, Benefits, Policies and Practices Scale (WABPPS) | 17 items: job accommodations, policies and workplace practices available, use of and helpfulness | ✓ | ✓ | |
Organization Polices | Organization size | Numbers of employees in company | ✓ | ||
Contextual Factors: Personal | |||||
Personal appraisal | Job strain [53] | One item: stress currently experienced at work | ✓ | ✓ | |
Work motivation/ importance/self-efficacy | 3 items: motivation, importance and confidence to continue working (0–10 NRS) (0–10 NRS) | ||||
Disclosure [50] | Disclosure about condition to employer /line manager | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Job satisfaction | Satisfaction with job: 0–10 NRS | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Future job expectations | Two items: concerns about health affecting ability to work in future; and likelihood of leaving job in the next year due to arthritis | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Work-Life Balance | Work-life balance [54]. | Four items: perceived work-life balance taken from the Work, Health Life Balance Perceptions Scale | ✓ | ✓ | |