Table 6 List of expert derived indicators to identify NP in low back related leg pain

Pain variously described as burning, electric shock like and/or shooting into leg (percentage of agreement 100%)

Pain described as crawling or another unpleasant abnormal sensation (as a common example of dysesthesia) (percentage of agreement 90.3%)

History of nerve injury, pathology or mechanical compromise at the region of the nerve root/or other nervous tissue around the lumbar spine that can refer into the leg (percentage of agreement 96.7%)

Pain in association with other neurological symptoms (e.g. pins and needles, numbness and weakness) (percentage of agreement 100%)

Reports of spontaneous pain (i.e. stimulus independent) and/or paroxysmal pain (i.e. sudden recurrences and intensification of pain) (percentage of agreement 71%)

Positive neurological signs (including altered reflexes, sensation and muscle power in dermatomal/myotomal or cutaneous nerve distribution) (percentage of agreement 90.4%)

Allodynia and/or hyperpathia within the distribution of pain (percentage of agreement 74.2%)

Loss of function of small fibre nerve testing (percentage of agreement 77.4%)