Pain variously described as burning, electric shock like and/or shooting into leg (percentage of agreement 100%) | |
Pain described as crawling or another unpleasant abnormal sensation (as a common example of dysesthesia) (percentage of agreement 90.3%) | |
History of nerve injury, pathology or mechanical compromise at the region of the nerve root/or other nervous tissue around the lumbar spine that can refer into the leg (percentage of agreement 96.7%) | |
Pain in association with other neurological symptoms (e.g. pins and needles, numbness and weakness) (percentage of agreement 100%) | |
Reports of spontaneous pain (i.e. stimulus independent) and/or paroxysmal pain (i.e. sudden recurrences and intensification of pain) (percentage of agreement 71%) | |
Positive neurological signs (including altered reflexes, sensation and muscle power in dermatomal/myotomal or cutaneous nerve distribution) (percentage of agreement 90.4%) | |
Allodynia and/or hyperpathia within the distribution of pain (percentage of agreement 74.2%) | |
Loss of function of small fibre nerve testing (percentage of agreement 77.4%) |