Utilization of epinephrine-soaked gauzes to address bleeding from osteotomy sites in non-tourniquet total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study

Table 6 Complications

	Epinephrine group^a (N = 51)	No epinephrine group^a (N = 50)	P value
Deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism			0.24§
None	51 (100%)	48 (96%)
Deep venous thrombosis	0 (0%)	2 (4%)
Pulmonary embolism	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Other complications^b			0.52§
None	49 (96.1%)	45 (90.0%)
Subcutaneous hematoma	1 (1.9%)	1 (2.0%)
Skin complications
Blisters	0 (0.0%)	2 (4.0%)
Bruises	1 (1.9%)	2 (4.0%)

^aThe values are given as the number of patients, with the percentage in parentheses
^bNo patients in the data set were recorded as having superficial infection, deep infection aseptic loosening, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident as other complications
§Significance was determined with use of the Fisher exact test

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