From: Utilization of epinephrine-soaked gauzes to address bleeding from osteotomy sites in non-tourniquet total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
Epinephrine groupa (N = 51)
No epinephrine groupa (N = 50)
P value
None
17 (33.3%)
21 (55.3%)
0.25§
1–3 cycles
29 (56.9%)
27 (48.2%)
> 3 cycles
5 (9.8%)
2 (28.6%)