|
Age (years)
|
43.5 (14.7)
|
|
Gender (Male)
|
31 (77.5%)
|
|
Smoker
|
8 (20.0%)
|
|
Compensation claim
|
10 (25.0%)
|
|
Back pain (VAS /10)
|
5.3 (2.1)
|
|
Leg pain (VAS /10)
|
6.3 (2.3)
|
|
Pain or paraesthesia below knee
|
37 (92.5%)
|
|
First episode
|
17 (42.5%)
|
|
Duration of symptoms (current episode)
|
|
1 week – 1 month
|
8 (20.0%)
|
|
2–3 months
|
8 (20.0%)
|
|
4–6 months
|
13 (32.5%)
|
|
7–12 months
|
2 (5.0%)
|
|
> 12 months
|
9 (22.5%)
|
|
Activity limitation (Oswestry)
|
40.1 (15.8)
|
|
Örebro score
|
115.7 (22.8)
|
|
MRI findings
|
|
Herniation type
|
|
Bulge or normal
|
1 (2.5%)
|
|
Protrusion
|
16 (40.0%)
|
|
Extrusion
|
21 (52.5%)
|
|
Sequestration
|
1 (2.5%)
|
|
Nerve root involvement
|
|
None
|
0 (0.0%)
|
|
Contact
|
2 (5.0%)
|
|
Displacement
|
6 (15%)
|
|
Compression
|
31 (77.5%)
|
|
Annular tear
|
|
None
|
4 (10.3%)
|
|
Mild tear
|
23 (59.0%)
|
|
Severe tear
|
12 (30.8%)
|
|
Physical examination findings:
|
|
Ipsilateral SLR: mean (SD) degrees
|
50.2 (17.8)
|
|
Contralateral SLR: mean (SD) degrees
|
69.5 (15.8)
|
|
Neurological deficit (affected side)
| |
|
Reflex deficit
|
28 (70.0%)
|
|
Myotomal deficit
|
16 (40.0%)
|
|
Dermatomal deficit
|
31 (77.5%)
|
|
At least one neurological deficit
|
38 (95.0%)
|
