Table 1 Demographic variables, clinical data, and MRI findings in the study participants (n = 29)

 Age, years

51.21 ± 9.18 (30–73)

 Male/Female

12/17

 Duration of symptoms, months

5.09 ± 3.17 (1–9)

  Resting

2.76 ± 2.33 (0–8)

  Night

4.52 ± 2.92 (0–10)

  Motion

6.52 ± 2.46 (2–10)

  Worst

7.83 ± 1.58 (5–10)

 Range of motion, degrees

Affected shoulder

Unaffected shoulder

P-value

  External rotation

35.17 ± 21.07 (5–85)

69.14 ± 9.74 (50–85)

< 0.001

  Internal rotation

6.31 ± 4.22 (1–13)

12.79 ± 2.06 (8–17)

< 0.001

  Forward flexion

137.59 ± 22.94 (95–170)

170.34 ± 10.50 (140–180)

< 0.001

  Abduction

132.07 ± 34.45 (20–175)

172.07 ± 7.85 (155–180)

< 0.001

  Maximal axillary capsular thickness

7.04 ± 2.29 (1.98–7.81)

   Humeral capsular thickness

6.04 ± 2.84 (0.94–7.56)

   Glenoid capsular thickness

5.80 ± 1.92 (1.13–7.81)

  Coracohumeral ligament thickness

2.99 ± 0.86 (1.13–5.24)

  Anterior capsular thickness

4.01 ± 1.32 (0.70–7.56)

  Hyperintensity in axillary recess

24 (82.75)

   Humeral capsular hyperintensity

21 (72.41)

   Glenoid capsular hyperintensity

22 (75.86)

  Hyperintensity in the rotator interval

22 (75.86)

  Hyperintensity in the anterior capsule

26 (89.66)