Risk of pedicle and spinous process violation during cortical bone trajectory screw placement in the lumbar spine

Table 1 The incidence of spinous process violation and pedicle wall penetration

Complication	L1 (mm)			L2 (mm)			L3 (mm)			L4 (mm)			L5 (mm)
Complication	4.5	5.0	5.5	4.5	5.0	5.5	4.5	5.0	5.5	4.5	5.0	5.5	4.5	5.0	5.5
A (%)
Male	62.5	64.6	65.6	52.1	52.1	53.1	25.0	26.0	26.0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Female	75.0	77.3	77.3	54.8	56.0	56.0	26.1	27.4	28.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	0	0	0
Total	68.3	70.5	71.1	53.3	53.8	54.4	25.5	26.7	27.2	1.7	1.7	1.7	0	0	0
p Value^a	0.072	0.060	0.083	0.719	0.603	0.704	0.855	0.839	0.704	0.100	0.100	0.100	–	–	–
B (%)
Male	13.5	19.8	29.1	8.3	22.9	32.9	1.0	8.3	20.8	0	1.0	3.1	3.1	7.3	12.5
Female	20.2	32.1	42.8	17.8	29.7	36.9	4.8	17.8	27.4	2.4	6.0	10.7	10.7	16.6	21.4
Total	16.7	25.5	35.5	12.7	26.1	34.4	2.8	12.7	23.8	1.1	3.3	6.7	6.7	11.7	16.7
p Value^a	0.229	0.058	0.056	0.056	0.297	0.516	0.186	0.056	0.304	0.216	0.099	0.069	0.069	0.051	0.066
C (%)
Male	2.1	4.2	14.5	0	1.0	9.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Female	6.0	10.0	14.2	2.4	3.6	6.0	0	0	4.8	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	3.9	6.7	14.4	1.1	2.2	7.8	0	0	2.2	0	0	0	0	0	0
p Value^a	0.254	0.231	0.955	0.216	0.340	0.392	–	–	0.186	–	–	–	–	–	–

A Spinous process violation, B Screw penetration through the inner wall of pedicle, C Screw penetration through the outer wall of pedicle, L Lumbar
^a Comparison between genders

ISSN: 1471-2474