Table 3 Results of risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool for included studies
Study | Study participation | Study attrition | Prognostic factor measurement | Outcome measurement | Study confounding | Statistical analysis and reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anoushiravani | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
Crawford | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
D’Apuzzo | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
Murphy | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Prohaska | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Rissman | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Sayeed | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Schwarzkopf | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High | Low |
Sikora-Klak | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |