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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics according to tertiles of relative handgrip strengtha

From: Association between muscle strength and depressive symptoms among Chinese female college freshmen: a cross-sectional study

 

Tertile 1 (low) (n = 286)

Tertile 2 (n = 289)

Tertile 3 (high) (n = 292)

P for trendb

Mean (kg/kg)

0.45

0.54

0.64

–

 Age, years

18.6 (18.5, 18.7)

18.6 (18.5, 18.7)

18.7 (18.6, 18.8)

0.278

 BMI, Kg/m2

21.6 (21.3, 21.9)

20.0 (19.7, 20.2)

19.0 (18.8, 19.2)

< 0.001

Smoking status, %

 Occasionally

5.6 (2.9, 8.3)

5.2 (2.6, 7.8)

3.4 (1.3, 5.5)

0.425

 Regularly

0.3 (−0.3, 1.0)

0.3 (−0.3, 1.0)

0.3 (−0.3, 1.0)

1.000

Drinking status, %

 Occasionally

55.9 (50.2, 61.7)

46.4 (40.6, 52.2)

48.6 (42.9, 54.4)

0.056

 Regularly

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

1.7 (0.2, 3.2)

1.4 (0.0, 2.7)

0.097

Tertile of physical activity, %

 Middle (range 28.43–58.50 MET·h·week-1)

32.2 (26.7, 37.6)

34.3 (28.8, 39.8)

33.6 (28.1, 39.0)

0.864

 High (range>58.50 MET·h·week-1)

36.0 (30.4, 41.6)

31.1 (25.8, 36.5)

33.2 (27.8, 38.7)

0.463

Sleep duration (6–8 h), %

88.0 (84.0, 92.0)

91.0 (88.0, 94.0)

90.0 (87.0, 94.0)

0.480

Sleep quality (good), %

75.2 (70.1, 80.2)

74.7 (69.7, 79.8)

77.1 (72.2, 81.9)

0.788

Race, %

 Han nationality

86.0 (82.0, 90.1)

87.2 (83.3, 91.1)

89.4 (85.8, 92.9)

0.461

 Tujia nationality

9.4 (6.0, 12.9)

7.3 (4.3, 10.3)

6.5 (3.7, 9.4)

0.393

 Miao nationality

2.8 (0.9, 4.7)

3.5 (1.3, 5.6)

1.7 (0.2, 3.2)

0.417

Father education level, %

 senior high school or below

93.4 (90.5, 96.3)

92.0 (88.9, 95.2)

92.8 (89.8, 95.8)

0.831

 college

6.3 (3.5, 9.1)

8.0 (4.8, 11.1)

6.9 (3.9, 9.8)

0.730

Mother education level, %

 Senior high school or below

95.5 (93.0, 97.9)

95.2 (92.7, 97.7)

96.6 (94.5, 98.7)

0.672

 College

4.6 (2.1, 7.0)

4.8 (2.4, 7.3)

3.4 (1.3, 5.5)

0.672

Parent’s marital status, %

 Widowed

3.9 (1.6, 6.1)

4.8 (2.4, 7.3)

2.4 (0.6, 4.2)

0.291

 Divorced

14.7 (10.6, 18.8)

13.5 (9.5, 17.5)

10.3 (6.8, 13.8)

0.259

Only one child, %

27.6 (22.4, 32.8)

26.6 (21.5, 31.8)

21.6 (16.8, 26.3)

0.199

SDS scores

40.2 (39.3, 41.1)

39.6 (38.7, 40.4)

38.6 (37.8, 39.5)

0.014

  1. PA physical activity, BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent, SDS self-rating depression scale
  2. aContinuous variable without a normal distribution were log-transformed; Continuous variables are expressed as estimated geometric means (95%CI) and categorical variables are expressed as percentages (95%CI)
  3. bLinear trends were assessed using analysis of variance for continuous variables and categorical variables