Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 2271 eligible infants. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
From: Predicting developmental dysplasia of the hip in at-risk newborns
Variable | Enrolled (N = 2191) | Declined participation (N = 80) |
|---|---|---|
Recruited from maternity ward | 2123 (96.9) | 76 (95) |
Referred by family physician | 68 (3.1) | 4 (5) |
Mean age at assessment in days (SD) | 3.5 (14.8) | 2.1 (5.6) |
Lost to follow-up | 220 (10) | 4 (5) |
Received treatment for DDH | 76 (3.5) | 3 (4) |
Female-to-male ratio | 1142:1049 | 44:36 |
Female sex | 1142 (52.1) | 44 (55) |
First born child | 1229 (56.1) | unknown |
One of twins (twin pregnancy) | 285 (13) | 6 (8) |
Birth weight in grams (mean ± SD) | 3220 ± 583 | unknown |
Oligohydramnios | 50 (2.3) | 2 (3) |
Breech lie in last trimester or at presentation | 1419 (64.8) | 45 (56) |
Breech presentation | 640 (29.2) | 18 (23) |
Breech lie in last trimester with cephalic presentation | 779 (35.6) | 27 (34) |
Vaginal delivery | 1020 (46.6) | unknown |
Caesarean section | 1131 (51.6) | unknown |
First degree family history of DDH | 205 (9.4) | 3 (4) |
Torticollis | 12 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
Foot deformity with orthopaedic follow-up | 9 (0.4) | 2 (3) |
Foot deformity with physiotherapist follow-up | 46 (2.1) | 3 (4) |
Leg length discrepancy (Galeazzi sign) | 16 (0.7) | 1 (1) |
Asymmetry in hip abduction | 39 (1.8) | 1 (1) |
Barlow positive | 21 (1) | 0 (1) |
Ortolani positive | 14 (0.6) | 1 (1) |
Hip instability | 27 (1.2) | 1 (1) |