Table 1 Study characteristics in alphabetical order
From: Risk factors for non-specific neck pain in young adults. A systematic review
Authors | Population source and eligible (n) | Participants at baseline (n) | Participants at follow-up, n (% of included) | Age at baseline (mean or range) | Years of follow-up | Definition of outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dieck et al. (1985) [37] | Female college students from an eastern U.S. College graduating in 1957–1959. Population: 1948 | 1713 | 903 (52.7%) | 18–19 years | 25 | First episode of neck pain. Neck pain lasting for at least a week. |
Grimby-Ekmann et al. (2009) [36] | Swedish medical and IT students from six colleges in five cities of Sweden. Invited: 1728 | 1204 respondents at baseline. Not reported how many included in the risk analysis at baseline. | 267 (22.2%) - 326 (27%), variations because of incomplete data | 18–25 years | 1 and 2 years | A combination of first and recurrent episodes of neck pain. Pain at present, period of pain and the number of years with pain |
Gustafsson et al. (2017) [35] | Swedish young adults randomly selected from the registry of the general population kept by the Swedish Tax Agency. Assessed for eligible: 20000 | 4431 eligible for risk analysis | 1 year: 1542 (34.8%) crude analysis 1522 (34.3%) multiple analysis 5 year: 870 (19.6%) crude analysis 868 (19.6%) multiple analysis | 20–24 years Mean: 22 years | 1 and 5 years | A combination of first and recurrent episodes of neck pain. Currently experienced pain in the upper part of the back/neck |
Kanchanomai et al. (2011) [34] | Undergraduate students at Thammasat University Assessed for eligibility: 3545 Eligible: 2511 | 684 agreed to participate in the study | 524 (77%) | 18–25 years Mean: 19.4 years | 1 year, every 3rd month. | A combination of first and recurrent episodes of neck pain. Neck pain lasting > 24 h during the past 3 months. Neck pain for 2 or more follow-ups in a row was categorized as persistent neck pain. |
Siivola et al. (2004) [39] | Finnish high school students. Random sample: 826 | 189 eligible for risk analysis | 104 (55%) without neck pain at baseline | 15–18 years | 7 years | A combination of first and recurrent episodes of neck pain. Weekly neck and shoulder pain during the last 6 months. |
Timpka et al. (2013) [38] | Swedish men that had performed mandatory conscription and been included in the Swedish Living Conditions Surveys. Eligible: 7123 accepted participation in survey | 5489 | 5489 | 17–19 years Mean: 18.2 years | 17.2 years | A combination of first and recurrent episodes of neck pain. Currently neck or shoulder pain. |