Table 1 Summary of most widely used osteoarthritis models and direct cartilage injury models with respect to their type/mode of action and most commonly employed species [40, 44, 79]
From: Understanding cartilage protection in OA and injury: a spectrum of possibilities
CARTILAGE DEGENERATION | Osteoarthritis models | Commonly used species | ||
Spontaneous | Aging | Naturally occurring | Guinea Pig, Mouse, Dog | |
Genetic | Genetically modified | Mouse | ||
Induced | Chemical | Collagenase | Mouse, Rat, Rabbit | |
Sodium Monoiodoacetate (MIA) | ||||
Diet-induced | Obesity/Metabolic syndrome | Mouse, Rat | ||
Post-traumatic (non-invasive) | Cyclic tibial compression | Mouse, Rabbit, Dog | ||
Intra-articular tibial fracture | ||||
Post-traumatic (invasive/surgical) | Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) | Rat, Rabbit, Dog | ||
Destabilization medial meniscus (DMM) | Mouse, Rat | |||
Meniscectomy | Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Goat | |||
CARTILAGE REGENERATION | Cartilage Injury models | Commonly used species | ||
Induced | Longitudinal full-thickness cartilage defect [40] | Osteochondral/Chondral defect - trochlear groove | Mouse, Rabbit | |
Full-thickness cartilage defect (FTCD) [44] | Focal osteochondral defect - trochlear groove | Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Horse | ||