Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review

Table 6 Prevalence Studies Critical Appraisal

	Chang WL. 2012 [67]	Marti B. 1988 [68]	Ellapen TJ. 2013 [70]	Malliaropoulos N. 2015 [64]	Walter SD. 1989 [81]	Teixeira RN. 2016 [65]	Woolf S. 2002 [63]	Besomi M. 2019 [66]
Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way?	Yes	No	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes
Was the sample size adequate?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition?	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes
Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants?	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was there appropriate statistical analysis?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes

ISSN: 1471-2474