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Table 5 Cross Sectional Critical Appraisal

From: Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review

 

Chang WL. 2012 [67]

Malliaropoulos N. 2015 [64]

Marti B. 1988 [68]

Woolf S. 2002 [63]

Teixeira RN. 2016 [65]

Besomi M., 2019 [66]

Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were confounding factors identified?

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Was appropriate statistical analysis used?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes