From: Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review
 | Chang WL. 2012 [67] | Malliaropoulos N. 2015 [64] | Marti B. 1988 [68] | Woolf S. 2002 [63] | Teixeira RN. 2016 [65] | Besomi M., 2019 [66] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Were confounding factors identified? | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |