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Table 4 Cohort Critical appraisal

From: Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review

 

Dallinga J. 2019 [80]

Bach DK.

1985 [72]

Buist I. 2008 [73]

Lysholm J. 1987 [74]

Tauton JE. 2003 [75]

Van der Worp MP. 2016 [77]

Messier SP. 2018 [79]

Kluitenberg B. 2015 [76]

Von Rosen P. 2017 [78]

Walter SD. 1989 [81]

Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?

Yes

Yes

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups?

Yes

Yes

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Were confounding factors identified?

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)?

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the follow up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?

Yes

Not applicable

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Was follow up complete, and if not, were the reasons to loss to follow up described and explored?

Yes

Not applicable

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were strategies to address incomplete follow up utilized?

Yes

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

Unclear

No

Yes

Yes

Not applicable

Yes

Was appropriate statistical analysis used?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes