Table 3 Case Control Critical Appraisal
From: Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review
| Â | Clement DB. 1981 [69] | Ellapen TJ. 2013 [70] | Rasmussen CH. 2013 [71] |
|---|---|---|---|
Were the groups comparable other than the presence of disease in cases or the absence of disease in controls? | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Were cases and controls matched appropriately? | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Were the same criteria used for identification of cases and controls? | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Was exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Was exposure measured in the same way for cases and controls? | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Were confounding factors identified? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Were outcomes assessed in a standard, valid and reliable way for cases and controls? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Was the exposure period of interest long enough to be meaningful? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Unclear | Yes | Yes |