Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
From: Is intrinsic lumbar spine shape associated with lumbar disc degeneration? An exploratory study
Healthy Participants | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
• ≥ 30 years • No low back pain • No recurrent history of low back pain • No episodes of LBP lasting greater • than 3 months duration | • Spinal surgery • Malignancy • Spondylolisthesis • Peripheral neuropathy with loss of sensation • Systemic or spinal infection • Neurological disease or balance disorder • Disorders affecting pain perception • Significant cardiovascular or metabolic disease • Severe musculoskeletal deformity (scoliosis, osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, fracture) • Spinal surgery or major surgery within three months prior to testing • MRI contraindicated | |
Patients | • ≥ 30 years • Evidence of LDD without neural compression on MRI • Recurrent low back pain (central/ unilateral) of greater than 3 months duration • MRI as part of routine NHS care |