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Table 2 Case demographic and disease characteristics

From: Incidence and risk factors of spinal epidural hemorrhage after spine surgery: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of a national database

Characteristics

No SEH

SEH

Total

Number of Cases

17,348

201

17,549

Age (mean (SD) in year)

56.72 (15.12)

59.08 (13.71)

56.75 (15.11)

Sex

 Male

8730

90

8820

 Female

8618

111

8729

Total Medical Paymenta (mean (SD) in USD)

2438 (2071)

3028 (2099)

2445 (2072)

Duration of Hospital Stay (mean (SD) in days)

13.41 (9.49)

19.35 (11.66)

13.48 (9.54)

Insurance Types

 National Health Insurance

16,278

185

16,463

 Medical Aid & Veterans

1070

16

1086

Spine Surgery Types (%)

 Lumbar

12,381 (98.64)

170(1.35)

12,551 (100)

 Not Lumbar

4967 (99.38)

31 (0.62)

4998 (100)

Spine Surgery Approach (%)

 Anterior

3918 (98.47)

61 (1.53)

3979 (100)

 Not Anterior

13,430 (98.97)

140 (1.03)

13,570 (100)

Infections

 No

15,983

180

16,163

 Yes

1365

21

1386

Diabetes

 No

15,629

177

15,806

 Yes

1719

24

1743

Hypertension

 No

11,972

121

12,093

 Yes

5376

80

5456

Use of NSAIDs

 No

803

2

805

 Yes

16,545

199

16,744

Invasive Proceduresb (%)

 No

13,056 (98.89)

146 (1.11)

13,202 (100)

 Yes

4292 (98.73)

55 (1.27)

4347 (100)

Bleeding Factorsc

 No

14,223

140

14,363

 Yes

3125

61

3186

Trauma

 No

16,499

188

16,687

 Yes

849

13

862

Anticoagulant Use

 No

15,090

178

15,268

 Yes

2258

23

2281

Surgery Hours

 0 < HR ≤ 2

17,149

187

17,336

 Over 2 h

199

14

213

Blood Loss

 No Loss

14,526

135

14,661

 0 < Loss ≤0.5 L

1871

41

1912

 Over 0.5 L

951

25

976

Type of Hospitalsd (%)

 General Hospitals

6371 (99.04)

62 (0.96)

6433 (100)

 Small Hospitals

10,977 (98.93)

139 (1.07)

11,116 (100)

Number of Beds in Hospitals (%)

 Beds ≤200

10,611 (98.99)

108 (1.01)

10,719 (100)

 More than 200 Beds

6737 (98.64)

93 (1.36)

6830 (100)

Location of Hospitals (%)

 Metropolitan area (Seoul)

5066 (99.37)

32 (0.63)

5098 (100)

 Other Metropolitan areas

8853 (99.05)

86 (0.95)

8939 (100)

 Rural Area

3421 (97.63)

83 (2.37)

3504 (100)

Total (cases)

  1. SEH spinal epidural hemorrhage and hematoma, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  2. aTotal medical payments: The sum of the payments that patients pay for all medical services when they leave from a hospital
  3. bInvasive procedures: lumbar puncture, myelography, and epidural anesthesia
  4. cBleeding factors: coagulation factor deficiency and thrombocytopenia
  5. dType of Hospitals: The hospitals are classified into four categories in Korea, based on their function and size. From largest to smallest, they are tertiary general hospital, general hospital, hospital, and clinic. Small hospitals include hospital and clinic. General hospitals includes tertiary general and general hospitals
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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