Table 2 Categorization of TFCC lesions according to Palmer’s and Atzei’s classification. For Palmer’s classification, simultaneous peripheral and central lesions are possible, while Atzei’s classification is exclusive to ulnar-sided pathologies. Results are reported as frequencies (percentages)
Palmer | Lesions | Description | Atzei | Lesions | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1a | 11 (10.4) | Central perforation | 0 | 10 (9.4) | Isolated styloid fracture |
1b | 46 (43.4) | Ulnar avulsion | 1 | 13 (12.3) | SL tear |
1c | 1 (0.9) | Ulnocarpal ligament injury | 2 | 7 (6.6) | Complete peripheral tear |
1d | 2 (1.9) | Radial avulsion | 3 | 11 (10.4) | DL tear |
2a | 24 (22.6) | TFC wear | 3A | 6 (5.7) | Avulsion fracture of DL insertion |
2b | 24 (22.6) | TFC wear + chondromalacia | 4 | 3 (2.8) | Non-repairable peripheral tear |
2c | 7 (6.6) | TFC perforation + chondromalacia | 5 | 6 (5.7) | Peripheral tear + DRUJ arthritis |
2d | 3 (2.8) | Palmer 2c + LTL tear | |||
2e | 2 (1.9) | Palmer 2d + ulnocarpal arthritis | |||
No lesion | 14 (13.2) | No lesion | 50 (47.2) | ||
Total lesions | 120 | Total lesions | 56 | ||
Combined | 28 (26.4) | Peripheral and central lesions |