Author | Study design | Condition | N | Mean age ±SD or (range) | Mean symptoms duration ± SD or (range), months | Area of SWT application | Dosage in impulses*EFD (mJ/mm2)/bar | No. of sessions | Interval between sessions | Co- intervention, anesthesia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bicer (2018) [44] | Prospective open design | Plantar fasciitis | 30 | 45.23 ± 8.57 | > 6 weeks | NR | 2500*2–3 bars | 3 | 1 week | None |
Chew (2013) [45] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 19 | median and interquartile range: 45 (37–53) | median and interquartile range: 18 (7–24) | SWT delivered under ultrasound guidance to the painful and thickened region of the plantar fascia at the medial calcaneal tubercle. The patient was positioned prone with the feet over the end of the table | 2000*0.42 | 2 | 1 week | Home exercise program, none |
Daniel-Lucian (2013) [43] | Prospective open design | Plantar fasciitis | 17 | NR | > 3 | SWT was applied over the calcaneal plantar side, aponeurosis insertion and plantar aponeurosis | 4000 EFD is NR | 8 | Twice a week | None |
Gerdesmeyer (2015) [46] | prospective intra-individual controlled | Heel spur | 45 | 53 (28.6–80.1) | > 6 | SWT localization of the most painful area was achieved with biofeedback mechanism and radiologically controlled. SWT was placed at the origin of the fascia and reached the central calcaneus. | 2000*0.32 | 2 | 2 weeks | None |
Hammer (2005) [47] | prospective intra-individual controlled | Plantar fasciitis | 22 | 51.6 (24–79) | 8.8 (6–12) | NR | 3000*0.2 | 3 | 1 week | None |
Hocaoglu (2017) [48] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 36 | 50.22 ± 8.29 | 8 (6–24) | Patients were in the prone position. SWT was applied on plantar fascia insertion of the calcaneus | 2000*0.16 | 3 | 1 week | None |
Lai (2018) [49] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 47 | 54.53 ± 8.62 | 7.94 ± 2.92 | NR | 1500*029 | 2 | 2 weeks | None |
Lee (2003) [50] | RCT | Calcaneal bone spurs | 308 | NR | > 6 | SWT was applied from the plantar surface over a 2 cm circular area around the predetermined point of maximal tenderness at the plantar anthesis | 1500*0.22 | 1 or 2 | 3 months | None, yes |
Maki (2017) [51] | Prospective open design | Plantar fasciitis | 23 | 55.3 (16–81) | 26.9 (4–300) | SWT was applied at the plantar fascia attachment under ultrasonic guidance from the medial calcaneus. A second treatment was performed if symptoms persisted at 3 months | 3800*0.36 | 1 or 2 | 3 months | None |
Moretti (2006) [52] | Prospective open design | Plantar fasciitis | 54 | 35.2 (30–42) | > 6 | SWT was applied at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus, at the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia or the calcaneal spur, around the point of medial tenderness | 2000*0.04 | 4 | 1 week | None |
Saber (2012) [53] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 30 | 34.27 ± 7.19 | > 6 | SWT was applied in prone position over the area of maximal tenderness and finding by ultrasonography | 1000–1500*0.28 | 2 | 2 weeks | None, yes |
Sorrentino (2008) [54] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 30 | Total sample = 34 women (56 ± 2.4) and 26 men (52 ± 3.7) | 4 | SWT was applied under ultrasonography guidance to locate the calcaneal insertion of the plantar fascia | 2000*0.03 | 4 | 1 week | None |
Ulusoy (2017) [55] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 19 | 54.45 ± 6.9 | 27 ± 29.79 | SWT was applied in the prone position into the areas of the painful heel, insertion of plantar fascia on the medial calcaneal area, and myofascial junction at the dorsum of the heel | 2000*2.5-bar | 3 | 1 week | Continue previous exercise program, no |
Vahdatpour (2012) [56] | RCT | Plantar fasciitis | 20 | 50.6 ± 10 | > 3 | SWT was targeted to the maximum local tenderness area | 2000 focused+ 2000 radial*0.2 | 3 | 1 week | Exercise, NSAIDs, and heel pad for both groups, no |
Yalcin (2012) [57] | Prospective open design | Heel spur | 108 | 50.2 ± 11.3 | 27.4 ± 32.8 | SWT was applied in prone position to the marked tender spot | 2000*0.4 (4 bar) | 5 | 1 week | None |
Zhu (2005) [58] | Prospective open design | Plantar fasciitis | 12 (18 ft) | 49.9 (33–63) | > 6 | SWT was applied to the most painful point (2–3 cm diameter) on the heel | 1500*18kv | 1 | NA | None, yes |