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Table 5 Results from 3 studies (4 papers) Investigating Metabolites and Metabolomics

From: Determining the association between fibromyalgia, the gut microbiome and its biomarkers: A systematic review

Author (Year)

Subjects

Controls

Material

Biomarker

FMS Subjects

P value for diff

Malatji (2017) [24]

18 FMS11 FC10 MC41 YC

UrineNMR metabolome

Compared to YC

↑ hippuric acid

↑ succinic acid

↑ lactic acid ↑ 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

p = 0.0966(ns)

p = 0.0001 (MW)

p = 0.0044

p = 0.0001

Malatji (2019) [25]

17 FMS11 FC10 MC41 YC

UrineGC-MS metabolome

↑ 14 metabolites c.f. MC↑ 4-hydroxyisobutyric acid c.f. MC & YC

↑ arabinose c.f. MC

All < 0.001

(MW & BF)

p = 0.00109

Minerbi (2019) [27]

77 FMS11 FC20 HM48 UC

Serum

Metabolites

Compared to UC:

↑serum butyrate ↓serum propionic acid

↓isobutyric acid

p = 0.005p = 0.006

p = 0.056 (ns)

Clos-Garcia (2019) [26]

105 FMS54 HC

Serum

Metabolome

↓ gadC, glnA, glsA2, gadB1, gadB2↑ lysine, ornithine

↑threonine, homoserine, glutamine, and argininea

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p < 0.001

  1. Key: FMS Fibromyalgia; NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry; GC-MS gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: HC healthy controls; FC family controls; MC matched controls; YC young controls; HM household members; UC unrelated controls; c.f. compared to; MW Mann Whitney test; BF Bonferroni-Holm test; ns not significant; gad glutamate decarboxylase; gln glutamine synthetase; gls glutaminase: a all identified as likely of bacterial origin.