- The values represent number (%) of participants or mean (SD) scores. Gender differences were evaluated using the Student’s t-tests for continuous variables or chi-square tests for categorical variables. *Sum of 10 items with a separate answer from female and male participants (Question 7). **Participants with J-FIHOA total scores of 5 or more. BMI: body mass index, NRS: numerical rating scale, PCS: physical component summary score, MCS: mental component summary score, RCS: rolesocial component summary score