Fig. 3

Using standard picture archiving and communication system (PACS), an elliptic region of interest (ROI) encapsulating only cancellous bone was drawn on three non-sequential axial images: a just inferior to the superior endplate, b mid-body, and c just superior to the inferior endplate. The software automatically calculated the mean Hounsfield Units (HU) value of each ROI. The average of HU values on 3 slices was regarded as the HU for individual vertebral body