Gait kinematics of the hip, pelvis, and trunk associated with external hip adduction moment in patients with secondary hip osteoarthritis: toward determination of the key point in gait modification

Table 3 Regression models for hip adduction moment impulse as the dependent variable (n = 55)

Independent variables	Unstandardized coefficients B	Standardized coefficients β	P–value for variable	95% confidence interval for B	R	R²	Adjusted R²	Adjusted R² change
Basic model					0.787	0.620	0.606	0.606
Body weight, kg	0.473	0.644	< 0.001	0.340, 0.606
Stance phase duration, seconds	46.959	0.288	0.002	17.359, 76.560
Separate models with gait parameters (weight + stance phase duration + following gait characteristics)
Gait speed, meters/seconds	7.264	0.158	0.169	−3.197, 17.724	0.796	0.634	0.613	0.007
Ground reaction force (Frontal plane)^a, N	0.040	0.599	< 0.001	0.028, 0.052	0.773	0.598	0.583	0.347
Peak hip abduction, degrees	−0.311	− 0.125	0.149	−0.737, 0.115	0.797	0.635	0.614	0.009
Peak hip adduction, degrees	0.612	0.325	< 0.001	0.317, 0.907	0.846	0.719	0.700	0.094
Peak pelvic tilt (toward stance limb), degrees	−0.118	−0.027	0.775	−0.945, 0.708	0.788	0.621	0.598	−0.007
Peak pelvic tilt (toward swing limb), degrees	0.878	0.266	0.001	0.354, 1.401	0.830	0.689	0.671	0.065
Peak trunk lean angle (toward stance limb), degrees	−0.558	−0.198	0.022	−1.033, −0.083	0.811	0.658	0.637	0.032
Peak trunk lean angle (toward swing limb), degrees	0.265	0.084	0.330	−0.276, 0.806	0.792	0.627	0.605	0.000
Separate model with hip pain (weight + stance phase duration + hip pain)
Hip pain (VAS), mm	−0.022	−0.083	0.375	−0.071, 0.027	0.791	0.626	0.604	0.006

(Footnotes for Table 2) ^a Body weight was excluded from independent variables
All of the regression models are P < 0.001. Bolded values are statistically significant

ISSN: 1471-2474