From: Burden of neck pain among medical students in Ethiopia
Variables | Neck pain | COR (95% CI) | P-value | AOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Yes | No |  |  |  |  |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 143 (52.0%) | 132 (48.0%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Female | 63 (43.8%) | 81 (56.3%) | 0.718 (0.479–1.077) | 0.109 |  |  |
Age | ||||||
  ≤ 20 | 62 (45.3%) | 75 (54.7%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 21–25 | 133 (49.6%) | 135 (50.4%) | 1.192 (0.789–1.801) | 0.405 |  |  |
  ≥ 26 | 11(78.6%) | 3 (21.4%) | 4.435 (1.185–16.607)* | 0.027 |  |  |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||
 Yes | 11 (78.6%) | 3 (21.4%) | 3.949(1.085–14.365)* | 0.037 |  |  |
 No | 195 (48.1%) | 210 (51.9%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Alcohol drinking | ||||||
 Yes | 74 (63.2%) | 43 (36.8%) | 2.216 (1.428–3.439)* | < 0.001 |  |  |
 No | 132 (43.7%) | 170 (56.3%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Physical exercise | ||||||
 Yes | 63 (42.9%) | 84 (57.1%) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 No | 143 (52.6%) | 129 (47.4%) | 1.478 (0.987–2.214) | 0.050 | 2.044 (1.233–3.387)** | 0.006* |
Past history of NP | ||||||
 Yes | 74(88.2%) | 10 (11.8%) | 11.380(5.675–22.820)* | < 0.001 | 11.811(5.460–25.549)** | < 0.001* |
 No | 132(39.4%) | 203 (60.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Self-perceived stress | ||||||
 Low | 23 (41.1%) | 33 (58.9%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Moderate | 170 (49.7%) | 172 (50.3%) | 1.418 (0.800–6.515) | 0.232 |  |  |
 High | 13 (61.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | 2.332 (0.833–6.525) | 0.107 |  |  |
Tablet/laptop use | ||||||
 Yes | 200 (50.0%) | 200 (50.0%) | 2.167 (0.808–5.813) | 0.125 |  |  |
 No | 6 (31.6%) | 13 (68.4%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Duration of reading | ||||||
  < 3 h | 32 (42.1%) | 44 (57.9%) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  ≥ 3 h | 174 (50.7%) | 169 (49.3%) | 1.416 (0.857–2.339) | 0.175 | 1.502 (0.236–2.780)** | 0.031* |
Static head down posture (> 2 h) | ||||||
 Yes | 123 (57.5%) | 91(42.5%) | 1.987(1.347–2.931)* | 0.001 |  |  |
 No | 83 (40.5%) | 122 (59.5%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Awkward neck posture | ||||||
 Yes | 108 (65.9%) | 56 (34.1%) | 3.089 (2.051–4.654)* | < 0.001 | 3.871(2.311–6.484)** | < 0.001* |
 No | 98 (38.4%) | 157 (61.6%) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Repetitive neck movement | ||||||
 Yes | 83 (60.6%) | 54 (39.4%) | 1.987 (1.311–3.011)* | 0.001 |  |  |
 No | 123 (43.6%) | 159 (56.4%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Prolong sitting (> 2 h) | ||||||
 Yes | 186 (50.8%) | 180 (49.2%) | 1.705 (0.943–3.082) | 0.077 |  |  |
 No | 20 (37.7%) | 33 (62.3%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Back support | ||||||
 Yes | 84 (45.4%) | 101 (54.6%) | 0.764 (0.890–1.928) | 0.171 |  |  |
 No | 122 (52.1%) | 112 (47.9%) | 1.00 |  |  |  |