Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study

Table 2 Comparison of associations with occupation and occupational activities of cases of spondylolisthesis with controls

	Total N	Cases	Controls	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	Total N	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CIs	P	OR	95% CIs	P	OR	95% CIs	P
Occupational group
Clerical / technical experts	197	29	168	1.0			1.0			1.0
Agricultural / Fishermen	105	16	89	1.04	(0.54,2.02)	0.9	1.01	(0.50,2.01)	0.99	0.99	(0.50,1.98)	0.98
Factory/construction	48	10	38	1.52	(0.68,3.39)	0.3	1.49	(0.66,3.34)	0.33	1.46	(0.65,3.27)	0.36
Clinical / Housekeepers / Shop workers / Hairdressers / Dressmakers	207	39	168	1.34	(0.79,2.28)	0.27	1.27	(0.74,2.19)	0.39	1.24	(0.72,2.14)	0.45
Teachers	51	6	45	0.77	(0.30,1.97)	0.59	0.77	(0.30,1.99)	0.59	0.78	(0.30,2.00)	0.6
Other/NA	114	17	97	1.02	(0.53,1.94)	0.96	0.99	(0.51,1.89)	0.97	0.97	(0.50,1.86)	0.92
Occupational activities
Sitting on a chair ≥2 h/day	347	60	287	1.17	(0.78,1.73)	0.45	1.21	(0.81,1.81)	0.35	1.21	(0.81,1.81)	0.36
Standing ≥2 h/day	574	87	487	0.7	(0.44,1.11)	0.13	0.68	(0.43,1.09)	0.11	0.67	(0.42,1.08)	0.1
Kneeling ≥1 h/day	115	21	94	1.19	(0.71,2.00)	0.51	1.16	(0.69,1.97)	0.57	1.13	(0.67,1.91)	0.65
Squatting ≥1 h/day	159	26	133	1.01	(0.63,1.63)	0.95	1	(0.61,1.61)	0.99	0.97	(0.60,1.58)	0.91
Driving ≥4 h/day	35	10	25	2.17	(1.01,4.64)	0.05	2.49	(1.13,5.49)	0.02	2.39	(1.08,5.27)	0.03
Walking ≥3 km/day	238	35	203	0.85	(0.55,1.30)	0.44	0.82	(0.52,1.28)	0.37	0.81	(0.52,1.28)	0.37
Going up/down stairs ≥30 floors/day	169	20	149	0.63	(0.38,1.06)	0.08	0.64	(0.38,1.07)	0.09	0.62	(0.37,1.05)	0.07
Climbing up slopes or steps ≥1 h/day	94	11	83	0.65	(0.34,1.27)	0.21	0.6	(0.30,1.22)	0.16	0.63	(0.31,1.27)	0.2
Lifting loads of ≥10 kg at least once per week	327	45	282	0.72	(0.48,1.07)	0.11	0.73	(0.48,1.10)	0.13	0.72	(0.47,1.09)	0.12

Model 1: Unadjusted OR; Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, and BMI

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