Table 2 Characteristics of SI
From: Red flags for the early detection of spinal infection in back pain patients
Determinants | Total cases Reported (%) | Sum of Papers | Clinical Features | Total cases Reported (%) | Sum of Papers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morbidities | Systemically Unwell | ||||
 Diabetes | 399 (17.9) | 30 |  Fever | 1225 (55.1) | 36 |
 Cancer | 112 (5.5) | 19 |  Weight loss/ Anorexia | 173 (7.8) | 8 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 109 (4.9) | 6 |  Rigours | 146 (6.6) | 3 |
 Renal failure | 56 (2.5) | 10 |  Fatigue or weakness | 102 (4.6) | 6 |
 Liver disease | 40 (1.8) | 10 |  Sweats/Night sweats | 76 (3.4) | 5 |
 Blood pressure dysfunction | 40 (1.8) | 6 |  Active infection | 54 (2.4) | 1 |
 Rheumatoid Arthritis | 35 (1.6) | 7 |  Sepsis/Septic Shock | 36 (1.6) | 2 |
Social Factors | Pain | ||||
 Intravenous drug use | 210 (9.4) | 15 |  Spinal Pain | 1591 (71.5) | 36 |
 Corticosteroid use | 72 (3.2) | 7 |  Radiculopathy | 214 (9.6) | 12 |
 Alcoholism | 41 (1.8) | 8 |  Tenderness | 116 (6.6) | 6 |
Triggers |  |  |  Arthralgia | 33 (1.5) | 3 |
 Surgery | 124 (5.6) | 10 |  Myalgia | 23 (1.0) | 3 |
 Pre-existing Infection | 123 (5.5) | 15 |  Sciatic pain | 19 (0.9) | 2 |
 Immunosuppression | 96 (4.3) | 8 | Neurological Symptoms | ||
 Invasive procedure | 42 (1.9) | 6 |  Neurological dysfunction | 739 (33.2) | 26 |
 Spinal Trauma | 32 (1.4) | 6 |  Limb weakness | 175 (7.9) | 9 |
Environmental Factors |  |  |  Para/quadriplegia | 51 (2.3) | 5 |
 Migrant | 70 (3.1) | 1 |  Para/quadriparesis | 46 (2.1) | 4 |
 Occupational exposure | 42 (1.9) | 3 |  Paralysis | 46 (2.1) | 2 |
 Lived in rural area | 28 (1.3) | 1 | Urological Symptoms | ||
 Born in TB endemic country | 18 (0.8) | 1 |  Bladder/bowl dysfunction | 62 (2.8) | 4 |
Behavioural Factors |  Urinary incontinence | 21 (0.9) | 2 | ||
 Ingestion of unpasteurised dairy product | 61 (2.7) | 3 | Organ Involvement |  |  |
 Contact with infected animals | 29 (1.3) | 1 |  Hepatosplenomegaly | 21 (0.9) | 4 |
Predisposing Factors | Miscellaneous | ||||
 None & Miscellaneous | 116 (5.2) | 8 |  Constitutional Symptoms | 199 (8.9) | 4 |
 History of TB | 19 (0.9) | 1 |  Spinal deformity | 30 (1.3) | 1 |