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Table 4 Comparison of baseline and follow-up outcomes between groupsa

From: Effects of pain neuroscience education in hospitalized patients with high tibial osteotomy: a quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching

 

Follow-up to baseline

Difference in change between groupsa

Intervention

Control

Mean (95% CI)

P value

Cohen’s d

Primary

 Pain at rest (NRS)

−1.0 (0.9)

− 1.1 (1.0)

0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)

0.470

0.07

 Pain during walking (NRS)

−2.1 (1.6)

−1.9 (1.7)

−0.2 (− 0.8, 0.4)

0.460

0.14

Secondary

 Pain catastrophizing (PCS)

−13.7 (8.6)

−9.9 (8.7)

−3.8 (−0.2, −7.4)

0.036

0.44

 Self-efficacy (PSEQ)

6.0 (10.3)

2.1 (10.5)

4.0 (−0.3, 8.3)

0.070

0.38

 Knee extension

  Operative side

−0.03 (0.14)

0.00 (0.13)

−0.03 (− 0.08, 0.03)

0.350

0.19

  Nonoperative side

0.05 (0.11)

0.02 (0.12)

0.03 (−0.02, 0.07)

0.248

0.24

 10-m walking test

0.1 (5.5)

1.8 (5.0)

−1.7 (−3.8, 0.5)

0.121

0.32

  1. Data in first two columns are presented as mean (standard deviation). Baseline: preoperative, Follow-up: 5 weeks postoperatively, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, NRS numerical rating scale, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PSEQ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. aValues adjusted for baseline scores using analysis of covariance