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Table 1 A brief description of the trial’s arms

From: Pain neuroscience education and physical exercise for patients with chronic spinal pain in primary healthcare: a randomised trial protocol

Arms

Assigned Interventions

Experimental: PNE and PE program

Pain neuroscience education (Health education)

Physical exercise program

Health Education

Six pain neuroscience education sessions (10 h) and delivery of printed reinforcement material.

Physical exercise

Group physical exercise program (18 sessions: three sessions/week) led by a physiotherapist. It includes exercises to improve strength, coordination, balance, and aerobic capacity. Work with double tasks, recreational activities to overcome kinesiophobia and activities to do at home are used in the program.

Active Comparator: Usual care in Primary Care Physiotherapy

Usual care in Primary Care Physiotherapy Units

Usual care in Primary Care Physiotherapy Units

Treatment supported by the primary care physiotherapy protocol in the health service of Castilla y León that was in force at the time of the intervention. Patients receive 15 sessions of analgesic electrotherapy, thermotherapy and standardised physical exercise.