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Table 3 Disc stresses at cephalic adjacent levels

From: Effect of lordosis on adjacent levels after lumbar interbody fusion, before and after removal of the spinal fixator: a finite element analysis

Motion

Model

L2-L3

L3-L4

(KPa)

(KPa)

Flexion

INT

880

742

100%

100%

FUS-f-5c

1150

1160

131%

156%

FUS-f-0c

1229

1361

140%

183%

FUS-5c

1079

1125

123%

152%

FUS-0c

1186

1241

135%

167%

Extension

INT

398

424

100%

100%

FUS-f-5c

460

524

116%

124%

FUS-f-0c

467

533

117%

126%

FUS-5c

459

522

115%

123%

FUS-0c

460

523

116%

123%

Lateral Bending

INT

951

906

100%

100%

FUS-f-5c

1033

980

109%

108%

FUS-f-0c

1099

1062

116%

117%

FUS-5c

1019

958

107%

106%

FUS-0c

1078

1053

113%

116%

Torsion

INT

314

345

100%

100%

FUS-f-5c

317

360

101%

104%

FUS-f-0c

325

399

104%

116%

FUS-5c

300

330

96%

96%

FUS-0c

320

374

102%

108%

  1. The percentages indicate the disc stresses of all models normalized by the disc stresses of INT