Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics for the CAS and Conventional group

Age (years) (SD: range)

50 (6.3: 22 to 60)

50 (6.4: 29 to 60)

45.64 (6.9: 37–59)

Weight (kg) (SD: range)

85.6 (11.3: 62–107)

79.7 (12.27: 53–110)

77.9 (11.5: 55–95)

Length (cm) (SD: range)

178.3 (8.9: 161–196)

176.2 (9.2: 157–196)

175.2 (10.5: 164–197)

BMI (kg/m²) (SD: range)

26.9 (2.6: 20.3 to 30.1)

25.5 (2.4: 20.4–29.4)

25.3 (2.9:19.0–29.8)

Gender (Men: Women)

39: 22

42: 19

6:5

Side (L: R)

25:36

29:32

7:3