Author/ Year | Population | Compar- ison | n | Therapist Directed Therapy | Manual Therapy | Thera- peutic Exercise | Bicycle Warm-up | Progression | Stretching | Additional Home Exercise | Improvement in both groups in primary outcome (mean, SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herrlin 2007 [31] | Non-traumatic MT^; mean age 56 years; age range 45–64 years | APM with PT vs. PT alone | 90 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Outcome: Change in KOOS pain (0–100) at 8 weeks --APM: 33 SD (24.34) * --PT: 24 (SD 27.30) * |
Katz 2013 [24] | MT, mild-to-moderate OA; mean age 58.4 years; all participants ≥45 years | APM with PT vs PT alone | 351 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Outcome: Change WOMAC Fuction (0–100) at 6 months --APM: 20.9 (SD 19.42) ** --PT: 18.5 (SD 19.90) ** |
Yim 2013 [30] | Degenerative MT; mean age 53.8 years; age range 43–62 years | APM with PT vs. PT alone | 102 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Outcome: Change in VAS Pain scale (0–100) at 2 years --APM: 34 (SD 25.46) *** --PT: 32 SD (21.21) *** |
Gauffin 2014 [22] | Patients with knee pain and MT; mean age 54 years; age range 45–64 years | APM with PT vs PT alone | 150 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Outcome: Change in KOOS Pain scale (0–100) at 12 months --APM: 29 (SD 24.49) **** --PT: 20 (SD 26.44) **** |
Stensrud 2015 [27] | Unilateral, degenerative MT and no or mild OA; mean age 49 years; age range 35–60 years | APM vs. PT. | 82 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Outcome: Change in isokinetic knee extension peak torque (Nm) at 3 months --APM: 0.5 (SD 26.12) ** --PT: 25.2 (SD 23.88) ** |
Kise 2016 [25] | Patients with degenerative MT; mean age 49.5 years; age range 35.7–59.9 years | APM vs. PT | 140 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Outcome: Change in KOOS4 scale (0–100) at 2 years --APM: 24.4 (SD 15.10) ** --PT: 25.3 (SD 14.86) ** |