Fig. 3

Comparison of BMD, BV/TV (%) and Tb/Sp value between BMSCs plus other intervention groups and control group. The included studies were not limited to a single treatment group. The studies used BMSCs modified by PLGA/Col microspheres, 214S, and traditional Chinese medicine. a Comparison of BMD value of this meta-analysis showed that the combined effect of SMD was found to be 2.94, with 95% CI = 0.56–5.31 and P = 0.02(P<0.05). b Among the five articles, two studies used the BV/TV(%) value as an outcome measure. The combined effect of SMD was found to be 8.38, with 95% CI = 3.33 to 20.09 and P = 0.17 (P>0.05). c Only two studies used the Tb/Sp value as an outcome measure. The combined effect of SMD was found to be 6.85, with 95% CI = 9.56 to 4.14 and P<0.00001