Fig. 2
Comparison of BMD, BV/TV (%) and Tb/Sp value between BMSC group and control group. a Four studies comparison of BMD value and they were heterogeneous. Therefore, the random-effects model was used for the analysis. The combined effect of SMD was found to be 1.04, with 95% CI = 0.03–2.06 and P = 0.04(P<0.05). b Only three studies comparison of BV/TV(%) value and they were heterogeneous. Hence, the random-effects model was used for the analysis. The combined effect of SMD was found to be 3.90, with 95% CI = 2.32–5.49 and P<0.00001. c Three studies used the Tb/Sp value as an outcome measure. The combined effect of SMD was found to be 2.20, with 95% CI = 5.36 to 0.97 and P = 0.17(P>0.05)