Relative difference among 27 functional measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory cross-sectional case-control study

Table 2 Sensitivity analysis comparing mean values adjusted for age by an ANCOVA to that of the unadjusted mean values by the Independent t-test. Only the variable Moderate-intensive physical activity in daily life (registered by accelerometer) reduced its effect size one level due to the adjusted analysis. The P-values changed in both directions

ICF	Variables	Cases (n = 28)		Control (n = 31)		Unadj M d %	Adj M d %	D %, U - A	ES Eta²	ES inter-pret.	P	P
		Unadj M (SD)	Adj M (SE)	Unadj M (SD)	Adj M (SE)						Unadj	Adj
Body Function Level	30sCST, n	14.0 (4.2)	14.2 (0.8)	16.3 (4.2)	16.2 (0.8)	15.2	13.2	2	0.049	Small	0.042*	0.096
	RPE-6MWT	6.0 (1.8)	6.1 (0.3)	5.5 (1.7)	5.4 (0.3)	8.7	12.2	−3.5	0.039	Small	0.257	0.139
	RPE-10StUpDw	3.3 (1.7)	3.4 (0.3)	3.1 (1.3)	3.1 (0.3)	6.3	9.2	−2.9	0.011	Small	0.546	0.427
	Knee ext strength inv. leg, Nm/kg	1.16 (0.48)	1.15 (0.09)	1.46 (0.38)	1.48 (0.08)	22.9	25.1	−2.2	0.108	Mod.	0.010*	0.012*
	Knee ext strength uninv. Leg, Nm/kg	1.45 (0.36)	1.45 (0.08)	1.64 (0.46)	1.64 (0.08)	12.3	12.3	0.0	0.043	Small	0.088	0.12
Activity Level	10StUpDwT, sec	10.8 (3.1)	10.4 (0.4)	7.8 (1.1)	8.1 (0.4)	32.2	24.9	7.3	0.198	Large	3.6E-5‡	4.7E-04†
	TUG, sec	6.6 (1.2)	6.5 (0.2)	5.7 (0.9)	5.8 (0.2)	14.6	11.4	2.2	0.84	Mod.	0.0014†	0.027*
	6MWT, m	642.5 (94.6)	651.5 (16.6)	717.4 (75.4)	709.2 (15.7)	11.0	8.4	2.6	0.094	Mod.	0.0014†	0.019*
Particip.	Örebo PsySoc	39.0 (12.7)	38.0 (2.2)	12.8 (9.6)	13.7 (2.1)	101.2	93.0	8.2	0.515	V. L.	1.6E-12§	2.3E-10§
Particip.	Mod.-int. act., min/wk	286.0 (169.1)	306.6 (29.1)	382.5 (134.5)	363.7 (27.5)	28.9	17.0	11.9	0.032	Small*	0.018*	0.17

Notes. Mod.-int. act. = moderate-intensive physical activity in daily life, the only variable which showed a one level downward adjustment on effect size due to the adjusted analysis; Unadj. M d % = Unadjusted mean difference in per cent; D % U-A = difference in per cent Unadjusted mean % difference minus Adjusted mean % difference; P = the exact P-value; 30sCST = number of chair-to-stand raise in 30 s; RPE-6MWT = rate of perceived exertion at the end of the six-minute walk test (scaled 0–10, no exertion to highest exertion); RPE-10StUpDw = rate of perceived exertion at the end of the 10 step up and down stair climb test; Knee ext. strength inv. leg = Knee extension strength test on the involved leg and the uninvolved leg are given at the 30° flexed knee position (straight knee is 0°); 6MWT = the distance (in m) walked during the six-minute walk test; Örebro PsySoc = the Örebro Musculoskeletal Psychosocial Questionnaire 10 items, a 1 to 100 scale, best to worst. ES Eta² = an effect size estimate equal to partial η² scaled > 0.01 = small, > 0.06 = moderate, > 0.13 = large. * = significant result, † = highly significant result, ‡ = very highly significant result, § = extremely highly significant result

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