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Table 3 Subject baseline characteristics across groups. (Note: Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated)

From: Investigating differences in trunk muscle activity in non-specific chronic low back pain subgroups and no-low back pain controls during functional tasks: a case-control study

Variable

AEP

FP

Healthy

Significance

(n = 23)

(n = 27)

(n = 28)

Subject Demographics

 Gender

  Males

4 (17.4%)

21 (77.8%)

12 (42.9%)

p < 0.001*

  Females

19 (82.6%)

6 (22.2%)

16 (57.1%)

 Age (years)

43.7 (11.2)

41.0 (10.0)

38.5 (11.2)

p = 0.238

 Mass (kg)

68.9 (18.0)

82.5 (14.6)

72.9 (15.2)

p = 0.005*

(AEP vs. FP)

 Height (cm)

164.9 (10.2)

175.9 (8.7)

169.4 (7.3)

p < 0.001*

(AEP vs. FP/FP vs. H)

 BMI (kg/m2)

20.8 (4.9)

23.4 (3.5)

21.5 (4.1)

p = 0.127

Pain

 Site of Back Pain N(%)

  Right

8 (34.8%)

5 (18.5%)

–

–

  Left

2 (8.7%)

3 (11.1%)

  Central

13 (56.4%)

19 (70.4%)

 Time Since Pain Onset N(%)

  3–6 months

2 (8.7%)

8 (29.6%)

–

–

  6–12 months

7 (30.4%)

2 (7.4%)

–

–

  1–2 years

1 (4.3%)

3 (11.1%)

–

–

  2–3 years

0 (0%)

1 (3.7%)

–

–

  3–4 years

2 (8.7%)

2 (7.4%)

–

–

  4–5 years

3 (13%)

3 (11.1%)

–

–

  5–10 years

3 (13%)

4 (14.8%)

–

–

  10+ years

5 (21.7%)

4 (14.8%)

–

–

Patient Reported Measures

 

AEP

FP

  

(n = 23)

(n = 26)

 ODQ

22.5 (11.6)

21.6 (10.0)

–

p = 0.773

 DRAM

29.8 (12.5)

22.7 (10.9)

–

p = 0.027*

 VAS

4.6 (1.4)

4.5 (1.4)

–

p = 0.986

 TSK

37.5 (6.8)

37.6 (5.3)

–

p = 0.993

  1. Key: FP = Flexion pattern motor control impairment, AEP = Active extension pattern motor control impairment, H = Healthy, BMI = Body Mass Index (mass (kg)/height (m)2), kg = kilogrammes, cm = centimetres, *significant difference (p < 0.05), ODQ = Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, DRAM = Distress and Risk assessment method, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, TSK = Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia