Table 3 Comparison of pain, pressure pain threshold, timed ‘up and go’, muscle strength, and range of motion between both groups
Immediately after intervention | After 2 days | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Group | Change from baseline mean (95% CI) | Difference in mean change (95% CI) | p-value | Change from baseline mean (95% CI) | Difference in mean change (95% CI) | p-value |
VAS (cm) | MWM Sham | −2.7 (−3.1, − 2.2) − 0.5 (− 0.9, − 0.0) | − 2.2 (− 2.8, − 1.6) | < 0.001* | − 0.9 (− 1.5, − 0.3) 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.7) | −1.0 (− 1.8, − 0.1) | 0.026* |
PPT knee (kPa) | MWM Sham | 185 (131, 240) 10 (− 45, 64) | 176 (97, 254) | < 0.001* | 65 (29, 102) 27 (− 9, 63) | 39 (− 14, 91) | 0.142 |
PPT shoulder (kPa) | MWM Sham | 209 (155, 263) − 3 (−57, 51) | 212 (136, 288) | < 0.001* | 106 (58, 154) − 2 (− 49, 46) | 107 (40, 175) | 0.003* |
TUG (seconds) | MWM Sham | −1.6 (2.0, − 1.2) 0.0 (− 0.4, 0.4) | −1.6 (− 2.1, − 1.1) | < 0.001* | − 0.9 (− 1.3, − 0.5) − 0.0 (− 0.4, 0.4) | −0.9 (− 1.4, − 0.4) | 0.001* |
HHD knee flexion (kg) | MWM Sham | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) 0.5 (− 0.1, 1.0) | 2 (1.3, 2.7) | < 0.001* | 1.1 (0.6, 1.6) 0.2 (− 0.4, 0.7) | 0.9 (0.2, 1.7) | 0.018* |
HHD knee extension (kg) | MWM Sham | 6.0 (5.0, 7.1) 0.4 (−0.7, 1.5) | 5.7 (4.1, 7.2) | < 0.001* | 3.3 (2.7, 4.0) 0.3 (−0.3, 1.0) | 2.9 (2.1, 3.9) | < 0.001* |
ROM knee flexion (°) | MWM Sham | 15.1 (12.9, 17.4) 2.4 (0.2, 4.6) | 12.8 (9.6, 15.9) | < 0.001* | 10.2 (7.7, 12.7) 1.9 (− 0.6, 4.4) | 8.3 (4.7, 11.9) | < 0.001* |
ROM knee extension (°) | MWM Sham | −0.6 (−1.2, − 0.1) 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.7) | −0.8 (− 1.6, 0.1) | 0.067 | −0.3 (− 0.9, 0.3) − 0.0 (− 0.6, 0.5) | −0.3 (− 1.1, 0.5) | 0.499 |