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Table 3 Results of meta-analytic moderator analyses for workload, job control (combined) and job control (decision authority)

From: Psychosocial areas of worklife and chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Workload

Job control-combined

Job control-decision authority

k

OR

LL

UL

I 2

z-Test

k

OR

LL

UL

I 2

z-Test

k

OR

LL

UL

I 2

z-Test

Study Design

 Cross-sectional

7

1.38

1.22

1.56

0.0

p = .332

6

0.88

0.70

1.10

36.1

p = .385

4

0.80

0.63

1.01

52.1

p = .164

 Prospective

7

1.25

1.07

1.45

2.4

 

7

0.77

0.63

0.93

77.2

 

4

0.63

0.49

0.80

68.1

 

Occupation

 Blue

3

1.63

1.16

2.28

0.0

p = .441

3

0.84

0.58

1.21

0.0

p = .832

1

0.72

0.44

1.19

0.0

p = .343

 Mixed

6

1.28

1.12

1.47

19.9

 

5

0.77

0.61

0.97

84.7

 

3

0.60

0.45

0.81

74.2

 

 Pink

5

1.32

1.13

1.54

19.0

 

5

0.85

0.66

1.11

46.9

 

4

0.80

0.63

1.02

52.1

 

Study Quality

 High

    

p = .675

    

p = .548

    

p = .265

 Medium

11

1.30

1.15

1.48

6.3

 

11

0.82

0.70

0.97

69.9

 

7

0.74

0.61

0.91

74.1

 

 Low

3

1.37

1.14

1.64

7.9

 

2

0.72

0.47

1.10

79.2

 

1

0.51

0.28

0.95

0.0

 

Country

 Asia

2

1.38

1.04

1.83

0.0

p = .946

2

0.89

0.70

1.14

0.0

p < .001

1

0.81

0.63

1.04

0.0

p = .003

 Australia/NZ

1

1.20

0.78

1.84

0.0

 

     

     

 Europe

9

1.31

1.11

1.54

17.1

 

9

0.88

0.80

0.96

7.4

 

5

0.80

0.67

0.95

39.8

 

 Northern America

2

1.37

1.02

1.86

51.5

 

2

0.49

0.41

0.60

0.0

 

2

0.47

0.36

0.62

0.0

 

Exposure (months)

7

PE = .004, SE = .011

 

p = .724

7

PE = .001, SE = .002

 

p = .346

4

PE = −.004, SE = .013

 

p = .766

Year of Publication

14

PE = −.012, SE = .015

 

p = .419

13

PE = −.035, SE = .017

 

p = .039

8

PE = −.056, SE = .023

 

p = .014

Sample Size

14

PE < .001, SE < .001

 

p = .335

13

PE < .001, SE < .001

 

p = .980

8

PE < −.001, SE < .001

 

p = .503

Mean Age

14

PE = −.004, SE = .014

 

p = .798

13

PE = −.029, SE = .013

 

p = .028

8

PE = −.023, SE = .016

 

p = .149

Females (%)

14

PE = −.001, SE = .001

 

p = .645

13

PE = .002, SE = .002

 

p = .364

8

PE = .003, SE = .002

 

p = .111

  1. k Number of included studies, OR Mean sample size-weighted (pooled) odds ratio, LL Lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI), UL Upper limit of 95% CI, I2 Index of heterogeneity I2 (in percent), PE Point estimate of predictor from meta-regression (and corresponding standard error SE)