Table 1 General demographics of 15 patients with iliopsoas abscess associated with cardiovascular disorders
|  | Clinical outcome | Total (n, %; mean ± SD) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alive (n, %; mean ± SD) | Death (n, %; mean ± SD) | ||||||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.525 |
 Male | 8 | (89%) | 4 | (67%) | 12 | (80%) |  |
 Female | 1 | (11%) | 2 | (33%) | 3 | (20%) |  |
Age# | 63.8 | ±16.4 | 62.3 | ±19.3 | 63.2 | ±16.9 | 1.000 |
Hospital stay (days) | 42.6 | ±19.2 | 19.0 | ±14.1 | 33.1 | ±20.5 | 0.018* |
Complicated condition | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.028* |
 Intubation with intensive care unit (ICU) stay ≤3 days | 6 | (67%) | 0 | (0%) | 6 | (40%) |  |
 Intubation with ICU stay > 3 days | 3 | (33%) | 6 | (100%) | 9 | (60%) |  |
Lactatemia (Lactate > 12 mg/dl) | 7 | (88%) | 4 | (80%) | 11 | (85%) | 1.000 |
Hypoalbuminemia (Albumin < 2.5 g/dl) | 2 | (22%) | 6 | (100%) | 8 | (53%) | 0.007** |
Anemia (Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) | 4 | (44%) | 3 | (50%) | 7 | (47%) | 1.000 |
Leukocytosis (White blood cells > 12,000/mm3) | 6 | (67%) | 4 | (67%) | 10 | (67%) | 1.000 |
Left shift phenomenon (Neutrophils > 80%) | 6 | (75%) | 4 | (67%) | 10 | (71%) | 1.000 |
Bandemia | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) | 1.000 |
Thrombocytopenia (Thrombocytes < 140,000/mm3) | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) | 1.000 |
Hyponatremia (Sodium < 135 mEq/l) | 7 | (78%) | 5 | (83%) | 12 | (80%) | 1.000 |
Hyperkalemia (Potassium > 5.3 mEq/l) | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (17%) | 1 | (7%) | 0.400 |
Hypokalemia (Potassium < 3.5 mEq/l) | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (17%) | 1 | (7%) | 0.400 |
Impaired renal function | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN > 25 mg/dl) | 4 | (44%) | 2 | (33%) | 6 | (40%) | 1.000 |
 Creatinine (Cr > 1.4 mg/dl) | 4 | (44%) | 3 | (50%) | 7 | (47%) | 1.000 |
 BUN/Cr (> 20) | 3 | (33%) | 3 | (50%) | 6 | (40%) | 0.622 |
Impaired liver function (GPT > 50 U/l or GOT > 40 U/l) | 4 | (44%) | 1 | (17%) | 5 | (33%) | 0.580 |
Hyperglycemia (Blood glucose > 200 mg/dl) | 3 | (33%) | 4 | (67%) | 7 | (47%) | 0.315 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)# | 113.7 | ±14.8 | 118.2 | ±20.9 | 115.5 | ±16.9 | 0.768 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)# | 68.4 | ±10.7 | 73.2 | ±14.0 | 70.3 | ±11.9 | 0.479 |
Heart rate (beats/min)# | 105.8 | ±19.7 | 103.8 | ±17.4 | 105.0 | ±18.2 | 0.679 |
Body temperature (°C)# | 37.0 | ±1.5 | 37.2 | ±0.7 | 37.1 | ±1.2 | 0.407 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)# | 18.6 | ±1.3 | 19.7 | ±2.0 | 19.0 | ±1.6 | 0.346 |
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | 7 | (78%) | 5 | (83%) | 12 | (80%) | 1.000 |
Infectious source c | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.870 |
 Primary mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm | 4 | (44%) | 2 | (33%) | 6 | (40%) |  |
 Stent-graft/endograft infection | 3 | (33%) | 2 | (33%) | 5 | (33%) |  |
 Infective endocarditis | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) |  |
Clinical treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.235 |
 Antibiotics only | 1 | (11%) | 3 | (50%) | 4 | (27%) |  |
 Drainage/Surgery | 8 | (89%) | 3 | (50%) | 11 | (73%) |  |
Blood culture (n = 9 vs. 5) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.580 |
 Monomicrobial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) | 7 | (78%) | 3 | (60%) | 10 | (71%) |  |
 Polymicrobial | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (40%) | 4 | (29%) |  |
Pus/Tissue culture (n = 4 vs. 3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.429 |
 Monomicrobial (Gram-positive only) | 2 | (50%) | 0 | (0%) | 2 | (29%) |  |
 Polymicrobial | 2 | (50%) | 3 | (100%) | 5 | (71%) |  |
Treatment at other rural hospitals | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) | 1.000 |
Maximum diameter of iliopsoas abscess (IPA)# | 3.7 | ±1.4 | 4.5 | ±2.0 | 4.0 | ±1.6 | 0.480 |
Maximum diameter of IPA > 3 cm | 5 | (56%) | 4 | (67%) | 9 | (60%) | 1.000 |
Gas-forming | 2 | (22%) | 3 | (50%) | 5 | (33%) | 0.329 |
Involvement c | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.683 |
 Right | 3 | (33%) | 1 | (17%) | 4 | (27%) |  |
 Left | 2 | (22%) | 1 | (17%) | 3 | (20%) |  |
 Bilateral | 4 | (44%) | 4 | (67%) | 8 | (53%) |  |
Multiple lobulated | 9 | (100%) | 6 | (100%) | 15 | (100%) | – |
Discitis/Paraspinal/Epidural abscess | 0 | (0%) | 3 | (50%) | 3 | (20%) | 0.044* |
Receiving transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) | 6 | (67%) | 3 | (50%) | 9 | (60%) | 0.622 |
Infective endocarditis found on TEE | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) | 1.000 |
Recurrence of IPA | 3 | (33%) | 0 | (0%) | 3 | (20%) | 0.229 |
Tool for follow up | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.329 |
 Computed tomographic scan | 7 | (78%) | 3 | (50%) | 10 | (67%) |  |
 No mentioned or Unknown | 2 | (22%) | 3 | (50%) | 5 | (33%) |  |
Hypertension | 5 | (56%) | 3 | (50%) | 8 | (53%) | 1.000 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 | (33%) | 4 | (67%) | 7 | (47%) | 0.315 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 2 | (22%) | 2 | (33%) | 4 | (27%) | 1.000 |
Bed-ridden status | 1 | (11%) | 3 | (50%) | 4 | (27%) | 0.235 |
Malignancy | 2 | (22%) | 1 | (17%) | 3 | (20%) | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease | 3 | (33%) | 0 | (0%) | 3 | (20%) | 0.229 |
Alcoholism | 2 | (22%) | 1 | (17%) | 3 | (20%) | 1.000 |
Hemodialysis | 1 | (11%) | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (7%) | 1.000 |
Intravenous drug abuse | 1 | (11%) | 1 | (17%) | 2 | (13%) | 1.000 |