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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid usage in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion: a meta-analysis

Study (year)

No. T VS C

Mean age (years): T VS C

Preoperative Hb (g/dl, T:C)

Study design

Patient type

Dose of TXA

Transfusion criteria

Outcome measures

Endres 2011 [28]

46/51

67/69

14.91/14.51

CCT

Lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis and instability

1 g IV preoperative, 6 h and 12 h postoperative respectively

NR

②③④

Wang 2013 [20]

30/30

63.1/62

13.7/14.1

RCT

Lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis and instability

15 mg/kg mixed in 100 ml saline before surgery

NR

①②③⑥

Kushioka 2016 [26]

30/30

67.8/71.5

13.3/13.3

CCT

Lumbar degenerative disease (single institution)

2000 mg IV, preoperative and 16 h postoperative surgery respectively

NR

①②③④⑤

Liang 2016 [21]

30/30

51.13/53.83

13.96/13.5

RCT

Lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis

2000 mg in 20 ml saline solution soaked

Hb < 7 g/dl

②③④⑤

Roopa 2017 [24]

25/25

69.0/70

NR

RCT

Lumbar degenerative disease (single institution)

10 mg/kg IV before surgery and 1 mg/kg/hr. till closure.

Hb < 8 g/dl

②③④⑥

Kim 2017 [22]

24/24/24

61/63.3/65.2

13.1/13.3/13.2

RCT

Lumbar degenerative disease (single institution)

HD group received 10 mg/kg in 100 mL of normal saline, and 2 mg/kg/h until 5 h after surgery. LD group half of the dose

NR

①②③④

Ren 2017 [27]

50/50

55.2/58.7

13.91/13.92

CCT

Lumbar disc herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis

1 g in 100 mL saline solution soaked

Hb < 7 g/dl

①②③⑥

Shi 2017 [23]

50/46

57.7/55.3

13.5/13.7

RCT

Lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar spondylolisthesis

30 mg/kg i.v before skin incision, and a maintenance dosage of 2 mg/kg/h TA until skin closure

Hb < 7 g/dl

①②③④⑤

Ou 2018 [25]

59/59

64.2/64

12.8/12.9

RCT

Lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis and instability (double institutions)

15 mg/kg i.v after anesthesia, and 1.0 g in 10 mL of normal saline soaked

Hb < 9.0 g/dl

①②③④⑤⑥

  1. ①Total blood loss ②Intraoperative blood loss ③Postoperative blood loss ④Postoperative 24 h hemoglobin decline ⑤Transfusion rate ⑥Thromboembolic events iv: intravenous; Hb: hemoglobin; HD: high-dose; LD: low-dose; T: tranexamic acid group; C: control group; RCT: randomized controlled trial; CCT: case control trial