Study | No. of patients | Spacer type | Spacer mechanical complications | Overall | Outcome after reimplantation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duncan et al. (1993) [12] | 13 | PROSTALAC | 3 dislocations | 23% | 1 allograft nonunion (8%) 1 loose Lord ring (8%) 2 heterotopic bones (15%) |
Ivarsson et al. (1994) [26] | 5 | Hand-made | 1 dislocation 1 subtrochanteric fracture | 40% | – |
Leunig et al. (1998) [18] | 12 | Hand-made | 5 dislocations 1 spacer fracture | 50% | – |
Younger et al.(1998) [3] | 29 (30 spacers) | PROSTALAC | 3 dislocations | 10% | 1 extrusion of cement into knee (3%) 1 recurrent infection (3%) 2 recurrent dislocations (7%) 2 allograft nonunions (7%) 1 loose Lord ring (3%) 3 prosthesis migrations (10%) |
Magnan et al. (2001) [27] | 10 | Mold | 1 dislocation | 10% | – |
Koo et al. (2001) [28] | 22 | Mold | 1 femur iatrogenic fracture | 5% | 1 recurrent infection (5%) 2 peroneal nerve palsies (9%) 1 greater trochanteric non-union (5%) 3 heterotopic ossifications (14%) |
Durbhakula et al. (2004) [14] | 20 | Mold | 2 dislocations 2 spacer fractures | 20% | – |
Hsieh et al. (2004) [4] | 58 | Mold | 2 dislocations 2 spacer fractures | 7% | 2 recurrent infections (3%) 1 dislocation (2%) |
Jung et al. (2009) [13] | 82 (88 spacers) | Mold | 15 spacer dislocations 9 spacer fractures 12 femoral fractures | 40.9% | 16 dislocations (23%) |
Faschingbauer et al. (2015) [15] | 138 | 93 mold 45 hand-made | 12 dislocations 12 spacer fractures 1 femoral fracture 1 spacer fracture-dislocation 1 spacer protrusion into pelvis | 19.5% | – |
This study | 35 | Mold | 6 dislocations 3 spacer fractures 1 spacer fracture-dislocation 4 femoral fractures | 40% | 3 recurrent infections 1 dislocation 1 greater trochanteric non-union |