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Table 4 Literature regarding hip-spacer complications

From: Mechanical failure of articulating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers in two-stage revision hip arthroplasty: the risk factors and the impact on interim function

Study

No. of patients

Spacer type

Spacer mechanical complications

Overall

Outcome after reimplantation

Duncan et al. (1993) [12]

13

PROSTALAC

3 dislocations

23%

1 allograft nonunion (8%)

1 loose Lord ring (8%)

2 heterotopic bones (15%)

Ivarsson et al. (1994) [26]

5

Hand-made

1 dislocation

1 subtrochanteric fracture

40%

–

Leunig et al. (1998) [18]

12

Hand-made

5 dislocations

1 spacer fracture

50%

–

Younger et al.(1998) [3]

29 (30 spacers)

PROSTALAC

3 dislocations

10%

1 extrusion of cement into knee (3%)

1 recurrent infection (3%)

2 recurrent dislocations (7%)

2 allograft nonunions (7%)

1 loose Lord ring (3%)

3 prosthesis migrations (10%)

Magnan et al. (2001) [27]

10

Mold

1 dislocation

10%

–

Koo et al. (2001) [28]

22

Mold

1 femur iatrogenic fracture

5%

1 recurrent infection (5%)

2 peroneal nerve palsies (9%)

1 greater trochanteric non-union (5%)

3 heterotopic ossifications (14%)

Durbhakula et al. (2004) [14]

20

Mold

2 dislocations

2 spacer fractures

20%

–

Hsieh et al. (2004) [4]

58

Mold

2 dislocations

2 spacer fractures

7%

2 recurrent infections (3%)

1 dislocation (2%)

Jung et al. (2009) [13]

82 (88 spacers)

Mold

15 spacer dislocations

9 spacer fractures

12 femoral fractures

40.9%

16 dislocations (23%)

Faschingbauer et al. (2015) [15]

138

93 mold

45 hand-made

12 dislocations

12 spacer fractures

1 femoral fracture

1 spacer fracture-dislocation

1 spacer protrusion into pelvis

19.5%

–

This study

35

Mold

6 dislocations

3 spacer fractures

1 spacer fracture-dislocation

4 femoral fractures

40%

3 recurrent infections

1 dislocation

1 greater trochanteric non-union