Table 3 Comparison of PS and MF CSAs by spinal levels. PS, Psoas; MF, Multifidus; CSA, Cross-sectional area. All values are expressed a mean ± standard deviation. *** p< 0.001 indicates significant differences between groups
PS (mm2) | P | MF (mm2) | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Overall | Male | Female | Overall | Male | Female | ||
|  | L3-L4 | 751.6 ± 300.5 | 964.3 ± 251.7 | 556.4 ± 188.4 | *** | 351.3 ± 113.1 | 402.6 ± 97.0 | 304.2 ± 106.7 | *** |
Left | L4-L5 | 1001.3 ± 329.8 | 1237.0 ± 289.0 | 784.8 ± 185.1 | *** | 459.3 ± 148.6 | 542.3 ± 135.5 | 382.2 ± 115.5 | *** |
|  | L5-S1 | 882.1 ± 320.4 | 1080.8 ± 302.6 | 699.8 ± 209.2 | *** | 482.8 ± 153.7 | 551.5 ± 139.5 | 419.7 ± 139.0 | *** |
|  | L3-L4 | 790.0 ± 337.9 | 1038.5 ± 291.5 | 561.8 ± 179.8 | *** | 366.4 ± 113.4 | 422.8 ± 98.6 | 314.7 ± 101.2 | *** |
Right | L4-L5 | 1010.3 ± 364.7 | 1282.9 ± 294.5 | 760.0 ± 211.2 | *** | 473.7 ± 144.3 | 549.9 ± 129.8 | 403.8 ± 120.1 | *** |
|  | L5-S1 | 905.0 ± 337.3 | 1112.5 ± 338.2 | 720.3 ± 203.3 | *** | 485.4 ± 149.0 | 558.0 ± 128.6 | 418.8 ± 135.3 | *** |
|  | L3-L4 | 770.8 ± 304.6 | 1001.4 ± 243.7 | 559.1 ± 172.6 | *** | 358.9 ± 106.6 | 412.7 ± 90.3 | 309.5 ± 96.5 | *** |
Ave | L4-L5 | 1005.8 ± 333.9 | 1260.0 ± 266.5 | 772.4 ± 186.5 | *** | 464.9 ± 140.5 | 546.1 ± 123.7 | 390.4 ± 111.0 | *** |
|  | L5-S1 | 887.1 ± 319.5 | 1080.0 ± 319.2 | 710.0 ± 193.1 | *** | 484.1 ± 144.6 | 554.7 ± 126.4 | 419.2 ± 129.6 | *** |