From: Risk factors for pulmonary complications after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in the treatment of congenital scoliosis: a case-control study
Pulmonary complication
Number
Frequency (%)
Pleural effusion
34
75.6
Pneumonia
24
53.3
Pneumothorax
3
6.7
Atelectasis
4
8.9
Pulmonary edema
2
4.4
Respiratory failure
Prolonged intubation with mechanical ventilation