Fig. 3

Osteoclastogenesis Assays CD14⁺ monocytes were isolated from post-menopausal females without (PM) (n = 6) and with osteoporosis (OP) (n = 4) and cultured on ivory discs for 7 days in media + MCSF. Cells were differentiated for 14 days in the presence of MCSF and RANKL. At experiment end- point cells were stained for TRAP. a Significantly increased cell number was observed in cultures derived from post-menopausal females with osteoporosis (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in the number of (b) TRAP⁺ mononuclear cells or (c) multinucleated osteoclasts. d Representative images of osteoclast cultures. Arrows indicate multinucleated TRAP⁺ osteoclasts. Statistical analysis performed by unpaired student’s t-test