Reference | Age(yr)/sex | Primary operation | Reoccurred symptoms | Imaging findings (CT or MRI) | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raynor and Saint-Louis [24], 1999 | 35/M | L4/5 disc excision | a foot drop and pain in the same leg 15 days later | a gas bubble located at the right L5 lateral recess | Conservative treatment |
Kaymaz et al. [25]., 2005 | NR | L4/5 discectomy and foraminotomy | weakness in dorsal flexion on the contra lateral leg | air trapping within the L3/4 epidural space | Conservative treatment |
Capelle and Krauss [26], 2006 | 50/F | Removal of L5/S1 free herniated disc without discectomy | recurrent pain in same leg 4 days later | epidural gas formation at the operative site | Failure of conservative treatment for 7 days, re-operation |
Ilica et al. [27], 2006 | 44/M | L4/5 disc excision | lower back pain and SLR 45° + 5 months later | accumulation of gas in the lumbar epidural space | Failure of conservative therapy for 1 months, re-operated after no response |
Sasani et al. [28], 2007 | 62/F | Microdiscectomy without foraminotomy or hemilaminectomy | recurrent pain 20 days later | air bubble in the right anterolateral portion of the L2/3 epidural space | Conservative treatment |
72/F | Microdiscectomy and stabilization | recurred pain in left leg 2 weeks later | gas collection on the L4/5 left mediolateral | Failure of conservative therapy for 3 days and needle aspiration for 2 days; surgery successful | |
69/M | L5/S1 microdiscectomy and foraminotomy | radiculopathy in his right leg 7 days later | gas bubble in the L5/S1 epidural space and disc space | Conservative treatment | |
Chul-Woo, et al. [29], 2014 | 68/F | L2/3 and L5/S1’laminectomy and discectomy | lower back pain and radiating pain to her left leg similar to preoperative symptoms 2 weeks later | air accumulation compressing L3/4 and L5/S1 dural sac and nerve root | Failure of conservative treatment for 2 weeks and needle aspiration for 2 days; surgery successful |