Fig. 2

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization. a. Photograph of an intervertebral spacer undergoing UV photofunctionalization. b. The intervertebral spacer became hydrophilic after UV photofunctionalization. Blood was absorbed into the cage that underwent UV photofunctionalization, immediately after the drop was applied. c. The intervertebral spacer remained hydrophobic without UV photofunctionalization. Absorption of the blood drop into the cage without UV photofunctionalization was delayed