Table 1 Subject characteristics and exclusion criteria of the study
Characteristic | |
No. of subjects | 38 |
Age (years), mean ± SD [range] | 77.7 ± 4.2 [70–86] |
Height (cm), mean ± SD [range] | 148.1 ± 6.0 [137–160] |
Weight (kg), mean ± SD [range] | 50.5 ± 7.5 [35–67] |
Body-mass index (kg/cm2), mean ± SD [range] | 23.0 ± 3.3 [15.4–30.1] |
Girth (cm), mean ± SD | 79.7 ± 11.2 [58–110] |
Musculoskeletal disorders treated at the outpatient clinic (no. of subjects) | Chronic LBP (21), Knee (22) and hip (3) arthritis, and Osteoporosis (14) |
Exclusion criteria of the study | |
• They did not agree to participate in this trial. | |
• They did not have the ability to walk without support during their daily activities. | |
• They could not complete physical examinations conducted in the trial due to their musculoskeletal or medical disorders. | |
• They had acute LBP or mild chronic LBP (0 mm < VAS score for chronic LBP < 20 mm). | |